In the pharmaceutical industry, statistical research and analysis play a critical role in drug development, regulatory submission, and approval. This presentation focuses on the quantitative aspects of pharmaceutical science. First, we introduce several applications of mathematics and statistics in pharmacology, including characterizing drug concentration–time profiles and informing dose selection. Then we illustrate the value of statistics in pharmaceutical research by addressing variability among individuals, occasions, and treatment conditions, and by reviewing measures of location and dispersion used to describe data. We conclude with selected topics in pharmaceutical statistics, with particular emphasis on considerations for Phase 1 clinical trials.